Periechocrinus necis-Coelocystis subglobosus Assoc., Racine Fm. (Silurian to of the United States)

Also known as Reef 813

Where: Illinois (41.9° N, 87.7° W: paleocoordinates 25.4° S, 50.7° W)

• coordinate based on political unit

• basin-level geographic resolution

When: Racine Formation, Wenlock to Wenlock (433.4 - 423.0 Ma)

• "Middle-Upper Wenlockian to Ludlovian...Racine Formation and equivalents. The community may occur only in the lower and middle Racine. Its presence has been confirmed at three of the classic Racine collecting sites, the Horlick Reef Complex (type locality for the Racine), the Bridgeport Reef, and the Hawthorne Reef..."

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: reef, buildup or bioherm; dolomitic, shelly/skeletal packstone and dolomitic, shelly/skeletal grainstone

• "...root systems and holdfasts scattered throughout, but major concentrations in thin intervals are also seen, i.e., crinoid thickets are developed....debris piles soemtimes winnowed and show small-=scale crossbeds...This is predominantly a mound associated but somewhat offshore, probably outer BA3 community..."

•SEP environmental call based on given information and regional context

• "Very fossiliferous. The most common lithology...is flat to inclined-bedded, porous, noncherty, finely crystalline crinoid-moldic dolopackstone, but dolograinstone and dolowackestone textures are also seen. At some sites (e.g., Bridgeport), the rock is overwhelmingly (better than 90%) echinoderm calices and debris..."

Collection methods: I have included echinoderms and brachiopods listed (with abundances) in table 45.31, as well as other taxa mentioned in text.

Primary reference: T. J. Frest, C. E. Brett, and B. J. Witzke. 1999. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of Central and Eastern North America. Paleocommunities--a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian 638-783 [M. Foote/K. Koverman/P. Wagner]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 26770: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 31.10.2002, edited by Pete Wagner

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• "It is entirely possible that the high species diversity is in part an artifact, as the fauna has not been revised since Weller (1900), and internal molds can be difficult to work with. On the other hand, detailed work with such material (e.g., Witzke 1976; Witzke and Strimbple 1981) has tended to increase total echinoderm diversity in lithologically similar units."
unclassified
  -
Rhombifera
 Hemicosmitoida - Caryocrinitidae
Crinoidea
  -
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
 Diplobathrida - Gazacrinidae
 Diplobathrida - Lampterocrinidae
 Diplobathrida - Dimerocrinitidae
 Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae
 Monobathrida - Hirneacrinidae
 Monobathrida -
Cytocrinus sp. n. sp. Roemer 1860 Sea lily
 Monobathrida - Melocrinitidae
 Monobathrida - Clonocrinidae
Clonocrinus sp. Quenstedt 1876 Sea lily
 Monobathrida - Marsupiocrinidae
 Monobathrida - Periechocrinidae
 Monobathrida - Eucalyptocrinitidae
 Monobathrida - Patelliocrinidae
 Cyathocrinida - Crotalocrinitidae
 Sagenocrinida -
 Sagenocrinida - Lecanocrinidae
 Flexibilia -
 Sphaeronitida - Holocystitidae
"Holocystites alternatus" = Holocystites (Holocystites) alternatus
"Holocystites alternatus" = Holocystites (Holocystites) alternatus Hall 1861
 Rhombifera - Callocystitidae
 Glyptosphaeritida - Gomphocystitidae
Trilobita
 Lichida - Lichidae
Arctinurus sp. Castelnau 1843 trilobite
 Phacopida - Calymenidae
Calymene sp. Brongniart 1822 trilobite
 Corynexochida - Styginidae
Kosovopeltis sp. Snajdr 1958 trilobite
 Corynexochida - Illaenidae
Bumastus sp. Murchison 1839 trilobite
Bryozoa
  -
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Chileata
 Dictyonellida - Eichwaldiidae
"Dictyonella sp." = Eodictyonella
"Dictyonella sp." = Eodictyonella Wright 1994
Rhynchonellata
 Pentamerida -
Pentamerida indet. Schuchert and Cooper 1931
 Pentamerida - Stricklandiidae
Stricklandiidae indet. Schuchert and Cooper 1931
 Pentamerida - Camerellidae
Camerella sp. Billings 1859
 Pentamerida - Parastrophinidae
Anastrophia sp. Hall 1867
 Athyridida - Meristidae
Merista sp. Suess 1851
 Rhynchonellida - Trigonirhynchiidae
Rhynchotreta sp. Hall 1879
 Rhynchonellida - Rhynchotrematidae
Stegerhynchus sp. Foerste 1909
 Spiriferida - Cyrtiidae
Eospirifer radiatus Sowerby 1834
Striispirifer sp. Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951
Hedeina sp. Boucot 1957
 Spiriferida - Delthyrididae
Howellella sp. Kozlowski 1946
 Orthida -
Orthida indet. Schuchert and Cooper 1932
 Orthida - Dalmanellidae
Resserella sp. Bancroft 1928
Isorthis sp. Kozlowski 1929
 Atrypida - Atrypidae
Plectatrypa sp. Schuchert and Cooper 1930
Atrypa "reticularis" Linnaeus 1758
 Atrypida - Lissatrypidae
? Lissatrypa sp. Twenhofel 1914
Strophomenata
 Strophomenida - Leptostrophiidae
 Strophomenida - Rafinesquinidae
Leptaena rhomboidalis Wahlenberg 1818
Cephalopoda
 Actinocerida - Actinoceratidae
Actinoceras sp. Bronn 1837
 Orthocerida - Dawsonoceratidae
Dawsonoceras sp. Hyatt 1884
 Orthocerida - Kionoceratidae
Kionoceras sp. Hyatt 1884
 Oncocerida -
 Discosorida - Phragmoceratidae
Phragmoceras sp. Broderip 1839
Bivalvia
 Ostreida - Pterineidae
Pterinea sp. Goldfuss 1832 oyster
 Modiomorphida - Modiomorphidae
Modiolopsis sp. Hall 1847 clam
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
 Murchisoniina - Lophospiridae
Lophospiridae sp. Wenz 1938 snail
 Murchisoniina -
Eotomarioidea sp. Wenz 1938 snail
 Bellerophontida - Bucaniidae
Tremanotus sp. Hall 1868 snail
 Euomphalina - Platyceratidae
Platyceras sp. Conrad 1840 snail
Cyclonema sp. Hall 1852 snail
 Euomphalina - Euomphalidae
Euomphalidae sp. White 1877 snail
Anthozoa
 Auloporida - Syringoporidae
Syringopora sp. Goldfuss 1826 tabulate coral
 Heliolitida - Heliolitidae
Heliolites sp. Dana 1846 tabulate coral
 Favositida - Favositidae
Favosites sp. Lamarck 1816 tabulate coral
 Rugosa -
Rugosa indet. horn coral
Stromatoporoidea
 Stromatoporoidea -
Stromatoporoidea indet. stromatoporoid sponge
Chlorophyceae
  - Receptaculitidae
Ischadites koenigi
green algae